In a world with constantly increasing cross-dependencies between national economies and globalization, financial instruments and policies need to be devised in such a manner, as not to harm the interests of other countries, but rather lead to their harmonization. Given this context, several tendencies with respect to fiscal, financial, budget, monetary and currency policies took shape. They were based on economic doctrines which either support state intervention in the economy by the use of adequate financial and monetary instruments, or plead for the self-regulation of the economy. Finance will remain an essential research topic. With reference to the existing background, the book is summing up research results from specialists in corporate finance, insurance, public finance, banking and capital markets.